淺談英語寫作基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)試技巧
更新時間：2009-10-19 15:27:29
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淺談英語寫作基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)試技巧
根據(jù)1997年6月全國高等教育自學(xué)考試指導(dǎo)委員會最新頒布的《英語寫作基礎(chǔ)自學(xué)考試大綱》的規(guī)定，英語寫作基礎(chǔ)這一課程著重培養(yǎng)考生英語寫作的基本技能，重點教授英語寫作的最基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容：句子的組成、段落的寫作、概要及應(yīng)用文寫作。通過本課程的學(xué)習(xí)，要求考生掌握句子、段落以及應(yīng)用文最基本的寫作理論與技巧，以便寫出主題較為突出、內(nèi)容較為充實完善、語言較為通順流暢、格式符合要求的短文，為學(xué)習(xí)本科階段的英語寫作課程打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
英語寫作基礎(chǔ)考試題型：《英語寫作基礎(chǔ)自學(xué)考試大綱》的規(guī)定“本課程試卷采用的題型主要包括：判斷題、改錯題、改寫題、概要寫作、應(yīng)用文寫作等”。判斷題、改錯題、改寫題等主要考核應(yīng)考生對句子(The Sentence)和段落(The Paragraph)基本知識點如改寫句子包括改寫掉尾句(periodic sentence)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)(parallel structure)等和判斷主題句(topic sentence)等掌握情況；例如：
Ⅰ.Revise the following sentences according to the requirement
1.The plan began to shake noticeably as soon as it lifted off the runway.(periodic sentence)
2.James Joyce's Ulysses,a long and complicated novel and which is on our reading list,has been banned by the school board.(parallel structure)
Ⅱ.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph.
Topic sentence: .
Actually,this idea is far from the truth.The Aborigines have been able to survive for centuries in the harsh environment of the desert because their minds are highly trained in the knowledge of food sources.Since they have no means of storing food,their entire attention must be directed toward their daily search for food.From the youngest child to the oldest member of the tribe,food gathering is the top priority.The Aborigines possess a profound understanding of the life around them.
a. In the earliest years,children are taught when foods ripen,where foods are to be found,when animals sleep for months and produce,and where water is likely to be found.
b. The Aboriginse'in－depth knowledge of the environment around them.
c. The interior of Australia is arid and inhospitable to human beings.
d. Many observers have mistakenly thought that the aborigines,with so few tools.
must have a lower intelligence than other races.
概要寫作和應(yīng)用文寫作則不僅要求應(yīng)考生掌握寫概要的基本要領(lǐng)及應(yīng)用文寫作的技巧，同時要求他們將寫句子和段落的技巧融合在應(yīng)用文寫作之中，最終寫出格式正確、用詞得當(dāng)、表達得體的應(yīng)用文來。概要(Precis)寫作主要是先給出一篇文章，然后給出寫概要的指令，如“Read the following passage and write a precis in one paragraph of about 100words.Try to write in your own words as far as possible.”應(yīng)用文(Practical Writing)寫作由三部分組成：便條(Note)、信函(Letter)和個人簡歷(Resume)。它們寫作的形式必須根據(jù)要求寫出或是某種便條，或是某種信函，或是個人簡歷。如下面是一則未能赴約而表示歉意的便條寫作指令：Write a note of apology about 70－100 words to your friends according to the situation described:
You have made an appointment with your friends to have lunch together.But for some reasons you cannot keep the appointment.Please state your reasons and express your regret for breaking the appointment.You could also express your hope for the gathering.
再如：下面是一則打算上大學(xué)繼續(xù)深造的申請信寫作指令：You are planning to further your studies in a college or university.Write an application to that institution.In your letter,provide the necessary information about yourself,tell them your want to study math and find out about the possibility of receiving financial support.(150－200)
從上述的幾種題型中，尤其是后三種，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論是概要、便條還是信函等寫作都是一種根據(jù)所提供信息的短文寫作把這些已知信息寫成一篇具有連貫性的概要、便條、信函或個人簡歷。換言之，就是考核應(yīng)考生的基本寫作能力。
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